第7章 7.12

(1)

x45x2+4=0x^4-5x^2+4=0

(x24)(x21)=(x2)(x+2)(x1)(x+1)=0(x^2-4)(x^2-1)=(x-2)(x+2)(x-1)(x+1)=0

これから 解は x=±1x=\pm 1±2\pm 2 となる

(2)

x43x2+1=0x^4-3x^2+1=0

x2=3±942=3±52x^2=\frac{3\pm\sqrt{9-4}}{2}=\frac{3\pm\sqrt5}{2}

x2=3+52=6+254=(a+5)24=a2+2a5+54a=1x^2=\frac{3+\sqrt5}{2}=\frac{6+2\sqrt5}{4}=\frac{(a+\sqrt5)^2}{4}=\frac{a^2+2a\sqrt5+5}{4}\qquad a=1

=(1+5)24=\frac{(1+\sqrt5)^2}{4}

x=±1+52x=\pm\frac{1+\sqrt5}{2}

x2=352=6254=(a5)24=a22a5+54a=1x^2=\frac{3-\sqrt5}{2}=\frac{6-2\sqrt5}{4}=\frac{(a-\sqrt5)^2}{4}=\frac{a^2-2a\sqrt5+5}{4}\qquad a=1

=(15)24=\frac{(1-\sqrt5)^2}{4}

x=±152x=\pm\frac{1-\sqrt5}{2}

これから解は x=±1±52x=\dfrac{\pm1\pm\sqrt5}{2}

(3)

(x2+3x2)(x2+3x+4)=16(x^2+3x-2)(x^2+3x+4)=16

(x2+3x)2+2(x2+3x)8=16(x^2+3x)^2+2(x^2+3x)-8=16

(x2+3x)2+2(x2+3x)24=0(x^2 + 3x)^2 + 2(x^2 + 3x) - 24 = 0

(x2+3x+6)(x2+3x4)=0(x^2 + 3x + 6)(x^2 + 3x - 4) = 0

(x2+3x+6)(x+4)(x1)=0(x^2 + 3x + 6)(x + 4)(x - 1) = 0

x=3±9242,4,1x = \frac{-3 \pm \sqrt{9 - 24}}{2}, -4, 1

x=3±15i2,4,1x = \frac{-3 \pm \sqrt{15}\,i}{2}, -4, 1

解説: r31bn1z